28.04. Intraaortic Balloon Counterpulsation. Concepts and benefits.

Authors

Affiliations

1. Nursing graduate. Resuscitation Unit. Hospital Clínico Universitario. Valencia. Associated Professor. Nursing Dept. Nursing School. University of Valencia. Spain
2. Nursing graduate. Intensive Care Unit. Hospital de la Ribera. Alzira (Valencia). Spain.
3. Adjunct Doctor. Anesthesiology & Resuscitation Service. Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset. Valencia. Spain.
4. Nursing graduate.

Original title

Balón de contrapulsación intra-aórtico (BCIA): Conceptos y cuidados de enfermería.

Intraaortic Balloon Counterpulsation. Concepts and benefits.

Abstract

The appropriate blood circulation is essential for the suitable maintenance in systemic and myocardial perfusion. It is mandatory to identify the problem in order to act quickly when a patient presents circulatory disorders and an altered state of his hemodynamic conditions, as a result of hypovolemia, myocardial ischemia, volume overload, or mechanical upheavals. The election of treatment will depend on the cause of the circulatory deficit, and mainly on the degree of the patient’s hemodynamic decompensation.
To increase the volume/minute rate devices of circulatory attendance are used in order to increase the venous return and the venous resistance. Thus, the therapeutic objective will consist of an appropriate perfusion, myocardical as well as cerebral perfusion.
One of these devices is the intraaortic balloon counterpulsation. The support of the cardiac function by means of the intraaortic balloon counterpulsation has two objectives: to improve the contribution of oxygen to the myocardium, and to reduce the overload of the heart. It is an acute and short term treatment for those patients with left ventricular failure or for those patients who need to improve the irreversible cardiac insufficiency.
Before taking care of a patient who carries an intraaortic ballon counterpulsation, nurses must know the principles of the aseptic technique (general precautions), cardiovascular anatomy and physiology and peripheral vascular system, principles of the hemodynamics monitoring and monitoring of the critical patient, evaluation and interpretation of vital signs, and above all the principles of counterpulsation.

Key words

blood circulation · cardiac failure · heart failure · hemodynamics · intraaortic balloon counterpulsation · nursing · nursing care · perfusion.

Bibliographical reference

Gallego López JM, Carmona Simarro JV, Soliveres Ripoll J, Gans Llorens FJ. Balón de contrapulsación intra-aórtico (BCIA): Conceptos y cuidados de enfermería. Enferm Cardiol 2003; Año X (28): 35-39.

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